Colt 1911 Government Manual
We now have the complete Basic Field Manual of the M1911 and M1911A1 online. This is the version which was issued in 1940 and authorized by General. As this book is published, the Colt 1911, also frequently known as the. Government Model, celebrates its centennial. After serving as the primary.
We now have the complete Basic Field Manual of the M1911 and M1911A1 online. This is the version which was issued in 1940 and authorized by General George C. Special thanks goes to Anthony Gabrielson who did the scanning and OCR which allows this online document to look like the original while having the type in text so that it is searchable and prints using fonts. If you ever wanted to know how to fire your 1911 from horseback at a full gallop, this manual will show you how. It also shows us how the Army expected soldiers to be trained with the M1911 in the WWII era. Included are target and range diagrams, scoring charts, funky old pictures and much more.
. Government model: 5.03 in (127 mm). Commander model: 4.25 in (108 mm). Officer's ACP model: 3.5 in (89 mm) 830 ft/s (253 m/s) Feed system 7 round standard detachable The M1911 is a, magazine-fed, chambered for the. It served as the standard-issue for the from 1911 to 1986. It was widely used in, the, and the as well as the.
The pistol's formal designation as of 1940 was Automatic Pistol, Caliber.45, M1911 for the original model of 1911 or Automatic Pistol, Caliber.45, M1911A1 for the M1911A1, adopted in 1924. The designation changed to Pistol, Caliber.45, Automatic, M1911A1 in the Vietnam War era.
Procured around 2.7 million M1911 and M1911A1 pistols in military contracts during its service life. The M1911 was replaced by the pistol as the standard U.S. Sidearm in October 1986, but due to its popularity among users, it has not been completely phased out. Modernized derivative variants of the M1911 are still in use by some units of the and the.
Designed by, the M1911 is the best-known of his designs to use the principle in its basic design. The pistol was widely copied, and this operating system rose to become the preeminent type of the 20th century and of nearly all modern centerfire pistols. It is popular with civilian shooters in competitive events such as, and shooting. Compact variants are popular civilian weapons in the U.S. Because of the design's relatively slim width and of the.45 ACP cartridge. Contents. History Early history and adaptations The M1911 pistol originated in the late 1890s as the result of a search for a suitable self-loading (or semi-automatic) pistol to replace the variety of revolvers then in service.
The United States was adopting new firearms at a phenomenal rate; several new pistols and two all-new service rifles (the and ), as well as a series of revolvers by and for the Army and Navy, were adopted just in that decade. The next decade would see a similar pace, including the adoption of several more revolvers and an intensive search for a self-loading pistol that would culminate in official adoption of the M1911 after the turn of the decade. Had designed a self-loading in the 1880s, but was preoccupied with. Nevertheless, the application of his principle of using cartridge energy to reload led to several self-loading pistols in 1896.
The designs caught the attention of various militaries, each of which began programs to find a suitable one for their forces. In the U.S., such a program would lead to a formal test at the turn of the 20th century. M1911 designer, During the end of 1899 and start of 1900, a test of self-loading pistols was conducted, which included entries from (the ), Mannlicher (the ), and Colt (the ). This led to a purchase of 1,000, chambered in, a.
During field trials these ran into some problems, especially with. Other governments had made similar complaints. Consequently, DWM produced an enlarged version of the round, the (known in current military parlance as the 9×19mm NATO), a necked-up version of the 7.65 mm round. Fifty of these were tested as well by the in 1903.
American units fighting guerrillas during the using the then-standard revolver, found it to be unsuitable for the rigors of, particularly in terms of, as the Moros had high battle morale and often used drugs to inhibit the sensation of pain. Army briefly reverted to using the in.45 Colt caliber, which had been standard during the late 19th century; the heavier bullet was found to be more effective against charging tribesmen. The problems prompted the, General, to authorize further testing for a new service pistol. Following the 1904 pistol round effectiveness tests, Colonel stated that the new pistol 'should not be of less than.45 caliber' and would preferably be semi-automatic in operation.
This led to the 1906 trials of pistols from six firearms manufacturing companies (namely, (DWM), Knoble, and White-Merrill). Of the six designs submitted, three were eliminated early on, leaving only the, Colt, and designs chambered in the new (Automatic Colt Pistol) cartridge. These three still had issues that needed correction, but only Colt and Savage resubmitted their designs. There is some debate over the reasons for DWM's withdrawal—some say they felt there was bias and that the DWM design was being used primarily as a 'whipping boy' for the Savage and Colt pistols, though this does not fit well with the earlier 1900 purchase of the DWM design over the Colt and Steyr entries. In any case, a series of field tests from 1907 to 1911 were held to decide between the Savage and Colt designs. Both designs were improved between each testing over their initial entries, leading up to the final test before adoption.
Among the areas of success for the Colt was a test at the end of 1910 attended by its designer, John Browning. Six thousand rounds were fired from a single pistol over the course of two days. When the gun began to grow hot, it was simply immersed in water to cool it. The Colt gun passed with no reported malfunctions, while the Savage designs had 37. Service history. Adopted by the U.S.
Army in the 1970s for issue to Generals. Following its success in trials, the Colt pistol was formally adopted by the Army on March 29, 1911, when it was designated Model of 1911, later changed to Model 1911, in 1917, and then M1911, in the mid-1920s. The began manufacture of M1911 pistols for members of the in August 1912.
Approximately 100 pistols stamped 'N.R.A.' Below the serial number were manufactured at Springfield Armory and by Colt. The M1911 was formally adopted by the and in 1913. World War I By the beginning of 1917, a total of 68,533 M1911 pistols had been delivered to U.S. Armed forces by Colt's Patent Firearms Manufacturing Company and the U.S. However, the need to greatly expand U.S.
Military forces and the resultant surge in demand for the firearm in saw the expansion of manufacture to other contractors besides Colt and Springfield Armory, including Remington-UMC and North American Arms Co. Several other manufacturers were awarded contracts to produce the M1911, including the National Cash Register Company, the Savage Arms Company, the Caron Bros. Of Montreal, the Burroughs Adding Machine Co., Winchester Repeating Arms Company, and the Lanston Monotype Company, but the signing of the Armistice resulted in the cancellation of the contracts before any pistols had been produced. Interwar changes Battlefield experience in World War I led to some more small external changes, completed in 1924. The new version received a modified type classification, M1911A1, in 1926 with a stipulation that M1911A1s should have serial numbers higher than 700,000 with lower serial numbers designated M1911. The M1911A1 changes to the original design consisted of a shorter trigger, cutouts in the frame behind the trigger, an arched mainspring housing, a longer grip safety spur (to prevent ), a wider front sight, a shortened hammer spur, and simplified grip checkering (eliminating the 'Double Diamond' reliefs).
These changes were subtle and largely intended to make the pistol easier to shoot for those with smaller hands. Many persons unfamiliar with the design are often unable to tell the difference between the two versions at a glance. No significant internal changes were made, and parts remained interchangeable between the M1911 and the M1911A1. Working for the U.S. Ordnance Office, developed a.22 training version of the M1911 using a floating chamber to give the.22 long rifle rimfire recoil similar to the.45 version. As the, this was available both as a pistol and as a conversion kit for.45 M1911 pistols. Colt 1911 01 Before World War II, a small number of modified M1911-pattern pistols in.45 caliber were produced under license by the Norwegian arms factory, designated 'Pistol M/1914' and unofficially known as '.
Production continued after the German occupation of Norway in 1940. The Pistol M/1914 is noted for its unusual extended slide stop which was specified by Norwegian ordnance authorities. Throughout the M/1914's use in Norwegian military service, Norway continued to build the M/1914 pistol as originally specified.
These pistols are highly regarded by modern collectors, with the 920 examples stamped with and the unknown number of unmarked examples assembled by the (the 'Matpakke-Colt' or 'Lunch Box Colt') being the most sought after. German forces also used captured M1911A1 pistols, using the designation 'Pistole 660(a)'. The M1911 and M1911A1 pistols were also ordered from Colt or produced domestically in modified form by several other nations, including Argentina (Modello 1916 and Modello 1927 contract pistols), and the ), Brazil (M1937 contract pistol), Mexico (M1911 Mexican contract pistol and the ), and Spain (private manufacturers and ).
World War II. Diagram from the Soldier's Handbook (1940–41), showing the various components of the pistol.
And the years leading up to it created a great demand. During the war, about 1.9 million units were procured by the U.S. Government for all forces, production being undertaken by several manufacturers, including (900,000 produced), Colt (400,000), (400,000), (50,000), and (500). New M1911A1 pistols were given a parkerized metal finish instead of blueing, and the wood grip panels were replaced with panels made of brown plastic.
The M1911A1 was a favored small arm of both US and allied military personnel during the war, in particular, the pistol was prized by some British commando units and Britain's highly covert, as well as South African Commonwealth forces. So many 1911A1 pistols were produced during the war that the government cancelled all postwar contracts for new production, instead choosing to rebuild existing pistols with new parts, which were then refinished and tested for functioning.
From the mid-1920s to the mid-1950s thousands of 1911s and 1911A1s were refurbished at U.S. Arsenals and Service depots. These arsenal rebuilds consisted of anything from minor inspections to major overhauls of pistols returned from service use.
Pistols that were refurbished at Government arsenals will usually be marked on the frame/receiver with the arsenal's initials, such as RIA (Rock Island Armory) or SA (Springfield Armory). Among collectors today, the Singer-produced pistols in particular are highly prized, commanding high prices even in poor condition. General Officer's Model From 1943 to 1945 a fine-grade russet-leather M1916 pistol belt set was issued to some generals in the US Army. It was composed of a leather belt, leather enclosed flap-holster with braided leather tie-down leg strap, leather two-pocket magazine pouch, and a rope neck lanyard. The metal buckle and fittings were in gilded brass. The buckle had the seal of the U.S.
On the center (or 'male') piece and a laurel wreath on the circular (or 'female') piece. The pistol was a standard-issue M1911A1 that came with a cleaning kit and three magazines. From 1972 to 1981 a modified M1911A1 called the was issued to General Officers in the US Army and US Air Force. From 1982 to 1986 the regular M1911A1 was issued.
Both came with a black leather belt, open holster with retaining strap, and a two-pocket magazine pouch. The metal buckle and fittings were similar to the M1916 General Officer's Model except it came in gold metal for the Army and in silver metal for the Air Force. The M15 and M1911A1 were replaced with the M9 pistol in 1986. Replacement for most uses After World War II, the M1911 continued to be a mainstay of the U.S. Armed Forces in the and the.
It was used during in specialized U.S. Army units and, and has seen service in both and, with U.S. Army Special Forces Groups and Marine Corps Force Reconnaissance Companies. However, by the late 1970s, the M1911A1 was acknowledged to be showing its age. Under political pressure from Congress to standardize on a single modern pistol design, the ran a to select a new semi-automatic pistol using the -standard 9 mm Parabellum pistol cartridge.
After trials, the was chosen. The Army contested this result and subsequently ran its own competition in 1981, the trials, eventually leading to the official adoption of the on January 14, 1985. By the late 1980s production was ramping up despite a controversial XM9 retrial and a separate XM10 reconfirmation that was boycotted by some entrants of the original trials, cracks in the frames of some pre-M9 Beretta-produced pistols, and despite a problem with slide separation using higher-than-specified-pressure rounds that resulted in injuries to some U.S. Navy special operations operatives. This last issue resulted in an updated model that includes additional protection for the user, the 92FS, and updates to the ammunition used. During the of 1990 to 1991, M1911A1s were deployed with reserve component U.S. Army units sent to participate in.
By the early 1990s, most M1911A1s had been replaced by the, though a limited number remain in use by special units. The (USMC) in particular were noted for continuing the use of M1911 pistols for selected personnel in MEU(SOC) and reconnaissance units (though the USMC also purchased over 50,000 M9 pistols.
) For its part, the (USSOCOM) issued a requirement for a pistol in the Offensive Handgun Weapon System (OHWS) trials. This resulted in the Heckler & Koch OHWS becoming the Offensive Handgun Weapon System (itself being heavily based on the 1911's basic field strip), beating the, a much modified M1911. Dissatisfaction with the stopping power of the 9 mm Parabellum cartridge used in the Beretta M9 has actually promoted re-adoption of pistols based on the.45 ACP cartridge such as the M1911 design, along with other pistols, among USSOCOM units in recent years, though the M9 remains predominant both within SOCOM and in the U.S. Military in general. MEU(SOC) pistol. Main article: formerly issued M1911s to units. Hand-selected Colt M1911A1 frames were gutted, deburred, and prepared for additional use by the USMC Precision Weapon Section (PWS).
They were then assembled with after-market grip safeties, ambidextrous thumb safeties, triggers, improved high-visibility sights, accurized barrels, grips, and improved Wilson magazines. These hand-made pistols were tuned to specifications and preferences of end users. In the late 1980s, the Marines laid out a series of specifications and improvements to make Browning's design ready for 21st century combat, many of which have been included in MEU (SOC) pistol designs, but design and supply time was limited. Discovering that the Los Angeles Police Department was pleased with their special Kimber M1911 pistols, a single source request was issued to Kimber for just such a pistol despite the imminent release of their TLE/RLII models.
Kimber shortly began producing a limited number of what would be later termed the Interim Close Quarters Battle pistol (ICQB). Maintaining the simple recoil assembly, 5-inch barrel (though using a stainless steel match grade barrel), and internal extractor, the ICQB is not much different from Browning's original design. In July 2012, the U.S. Marines placed a $22.5 million order for 12,000 M1911 pistols for forces. The new 1911 was designated M45A1 or 'Close Quarters Battle Pistol' CQBP.
The M45A1 features a dual recoil spring assembly, Picatinny rails and is cerakoted tan in color. In September 2016, it was reported that the U.S. Marine Corps decided to withdraw the M1911 from use by special operators. Current users in the U.S. Many military and law enforcement organizations in the U.S. And other countries continue to use (often modified) M1911A1 pistols including and S.I.S., the, FBI regional SWAT teams, and 1st Special Forces Operational Detachment—Delta.
Modern Colt M1911 pistol in stainless steel The M1911A1 is popular among the general public in the U.S. For practical and recreational purposes. The pistol is commonly used for thanks in part to a single-stack magazine (which makes for a thinner pistol that is, therefore, easier to conceal), personal defense, target shooting, and competition. Numerous aftermarket accessories allow users to customize the pistol to their liking. There are a growing number of manufacturers of M1911-type pistols and the model continues to be quite popular for its reliability, simplicity, and patriotic appeal. Various tactical, target and compact models are available. Price ranges from a low end of around $400 for basic pistols imported from the Philippines or Turkey (, ) to more than $4,000 for the best competition or tactical versions (, Ed Brown, and ).
Due to an increased demand for M1911 pistols among Army Special Operations units, who are known to field a variety of M1911 pistols, the began looking to develop a new generation of M1911s and launched the M1911-A2 project in late 2004. The goal was to produce a minimum of seven variants with various sights, internal and external extractors, flat and arched mainspring housings, integral and add-on magazine wells, a variety of finishes and other options, with the idea of providing the end-user a selection from which to select the features that best fit their missions. The AMU performed a well-received demonstration of the first group of pistols to the Marine Corps at Quantico and various Special Operations units at Ft. Bragg and other locations.
The project provided a feasibility study with insight into future projects. Models were loaned to various Special Operations units, the results of which are classified.
An RFP was issued for a Joint Combat Pistol but it was ultimately canceled. Currently units are experimenting with an M1911 pistol in.40 which will incorporate lessons learned from the A2 project.
Colt Government 1911 A1 Manual
Ultimately, the M1911A2 project provided a test bed for improving existing M1911s. An improved M1911 variant becoming available in the future is a possibility. The Springfield Custom Professional Model 1911A1 pistol is produced under contract by Springfield Armory for the FBI regional SWAT teams and the Hostage Rescue Team.
This pistol is made in batches on a regular basis by the Springfield Custom Shop, and a few examples from most runs are made available for sale to the general public at a selling price of approximately US$2,700 each. International users.
A Colt M1991A1 Compact ORM pistol with slide locked back to expose bull barrel. Colt Government Mk.
IV Series 70 (1970–1983): Introduced the accurized Split Barrel Bushing (collet bushing). The first 1000 prototypes in the serial number range 35800NM – 37025NM were marked BB on the barrel and the slide. Commander sized pistols retained the solid bushing. Colt Government Mk. IV Series 80 (1983–present): Introduced an internal firing pin safety and a new half-cock notch on the sear; pulling the trigger on these models while at half-cock will cause the hammer to drop.
Models after 1988 returned to the solid barrel bushing due to concerns about breakages of collet bushings. Colt Gold Cup National Match 1911/Mk. IV Series 70/Mk. IV Series 80 MKIV/Series 70 Gold Cup 75th Anniversary National Match/Camp Perry 1978.
Limited to 200 pistols. (1983–1996) Gold Cup MKIV Series 80 National Match –.45 ACP, Colt-Elliason adjustable rear sight, fully adjustable Bomar-Style rear sight, target post front sight, spur hammer, wide target trigger, lowered and flared ejection port, National Match barrel, beveled top slide, wrap-around rubber stocks with nickel medallion. Colt 1991 Series (1991–2001 ORM; 2001–present NRM): A hybrid of the M1911A1 military model redesigned to use the slide of the Mk. IV Model 80; these models aimed at providing a more 'mil-spec' pistol to be sold at a lower price than Colt's other 1911 models in order to compete with imported pistols from manufacturers such as Springfield Armory and Norinco. The 1991–2001 model used a large 'M1991A1' rollmark engraved on the slide.
The 2001 model introduced a new 'Colt's Government Model' rollmark engraving. The 1991 series incorporates full-sized blued and stainless models in either.45 ACP or.38 Super, as well as blued and stainless Commander models in.45 ACP. Custom models. Tenring Custom Colt Since its inception, the M1911 has lent itself to easy customization. Replacement sights, grips, and other aftermarket accessories are the most commonly offered parts.
Since the 1950s and the rise of competitive pistol shooting, many companies have been offering the M1911 as a base model for major customization. These modifications can range from changing the external finish, checkering the frame, and hand fitting custom hammers, triggers, and sears.
Some modifications include installing compensators and the addition of accessories such as and even scopes. A common modification of John Browning's design is to use a full-length guide rod that runs the full length of the recoil spring. This adds weight to the front of the pistol, but does not increase accuracy, and does make the pistol slightly more difficult to disassemble. Custom guns can cost over $5,000 and are built from scratch or on existing base models. The main companies offering custom M1911s are:, Ed Brown, and. IPSC models are offered by both and STI International. ATI M1911A1 Government, Series 70 GI reproduction.
Manufactured 2017. Browning's basic M1911 design has seen very little change throughout its production life.
The basic principle of the pistol is recoil operation. As the expanding combustion gases force the bullet down the barrel, they give reverse momentum to the slide and barrel which are locked together during this portion of the firing cycle. After the bullet has left the barrel, the slide and barrel continue rearward a short distance. At this point, a link pivots the rear of the barrel down, out of locking recesses in the slide, and the barrel is stopped by making contact with the lower barrel lugs against the frame's vertical impact surface.
As the slide continues rearward, a claw extractor pulls the spent casing from the firing chamber and an ejector strikes the rear of the case, pivoting it out and away from the pistol through the ejection port. The slide stops and is then propelled forward by a spring to strip a fresh cartridge from the magazine and feed it into the firing chamber. At the forward end of its travel, the slide locks into the barrel and is ready to fire again. However, if the fired round was the last round in the magazine, the slide will lock in the rearward position, which notifies the shooter to reload by ejecting the empty magazine and inserting a loaded magazine, and facilitates (by being rearwards) reloading the chamber, which is accomplished by either pulling the slide back slightly and releasing, or by pushing down on the slide stop, which releases the slide to move forward under spring pressure, strip a fresh cartridge from the magazine and feed it into the firing chamber. There are no fasteners of any type in the 1911 design, excepting the grip screws. The main components of 1911 are held in place by the force of the recoil spring.
The pistol can be 'field stripped' by partially retracting the slide, removing the slide stop, and subsequently removing the barrel bushing. Full disassembly (and subsequent reassembly) of the pistol to its component parts can be accomplished using several manually removed components as tools to complete the disassembly. The military mandated a and a. A grip safety, disconnect, slide stop, half cock position, and manual safety (located on the left rear of the frame) are on all standard M1911A1s.
Colt 1911 Government Manual
Several companies have developed a. Colt's 80 series uses a trigger operated one and several other manufacturers, including Kimber and Smith & Wesson, use a Swartz firing-pin safety, which is operated by the grip safety. Language cautioning against pulling the trigger with the second finger was included in the initial M1911 manual, and later manuals up to the 1940s. The same basic design has been offered commercially and has been used by other militaries.
Refrigerant manual. The weight of the condensing unit requires caution and proper handling procedures when lifting or moving to avoid Installation or repairs.
In addition to the.45 ACP (Automatic Colt Pistol), models chambered for, and other cartridges were offered. The M1911 was developed from earlier designs firing rounds such as. The design beat out many other contenders during the government's selection period, during the late 1890s and early 1900s, up to the pistol's adoption. The M1911 officially replaced a range of revolvers and pistols across branches of the U.S. Armed forces, though a number of other designs have seen use in certain niches.
Despite being challenged by newer and lighter weight pistol designs in.45 caliber, such as the, the, the and the, the M1911 shows no signs of decreasing popularity and continues to be widely present in various competitive matches such as those of USPSA, and. Users Current.:.: The uses a version of the M1911 developed by chambered in 9×19mm Parabellum and designated M973.: In both World Wars, Canadian officers had the option of privately purchasing their own sidearm and the M1911/M1911A1 was a popular choice. The joint Canadian-US (aka 'The Devil's Brigade') also used American infantry weapons, including the M1911A1.: Norinco exports a clone of the M1911A1 for civilian purchase.
The Chinese arms company also manufactured conversion kits to chamber the round after the Korean War. used by Unit 777.
Known in French service as Pistolet automatique 11 mm 4 (C.45) (Automatic pistol 11.4mm (calibre.45)). Both M1911 and M1911A1 pistols were used.: Used by Police Special Forces.:.: In service with 1st Artillery Battalion 1963–1967.: In service with special forces of the.: Local copies used by North Korean Special forces and Presidential Guard.: used pistols during World War II. (Taiwan).: Made under license by and used by as officers' sidearms.: Made under license. Known as the 'Type 86' pistol.: Former standard-issue service pistol of the U.S. Armed forces.
The pistol remains in service with various law enforcement agencies across the U.S, such as the, along with some soldiers.: Local copies chambered in & Captured US M1911A1s in used by the Viet Cong and the North Vietnamese Army during. Former.: About 51,000 bought by Russian military from United States in years 1915–1917. But only relatively small number of these captured pistols ended up to hands of authorities after. Finnish military had about 120 pistols during World War 2, most of them were issued to field army.: Used captured pistols during World War II.: After and were provided the M1911A1 from US and were used until 1980s.: some M1911 pistols were captured during, they were used in Red Army.
Extra 12977 pistols were received as during.: Crude clones used by VC guerrillas with some captured in the Vietnam War. Specifications. Colt M1911. Cartridge:.
Other commercial and military derivatives: Other versions offered include, and others. The most popular alternative versions are 9×19mm Parabellum,.38 Super and 10mm Auto. Barrel: 5 in (127 mm) Government, 4.25 in (108 mm) Commander, and the 3.5 in (89 mm) Officer's ACP. Some modern 'carry' guns have significantly shorter barrels and frames, while others use standard frames and extended slides with 6 in (152 mm) barrels.
Rate of twist: 16 in (406 mm) per turn, or 1:35.5 calibers (.45 ACP). Operation:, closed breech, single action,. Weight (unloaded): 2 lb 7 oz (1.1 kg) (government model). Height: 5.25 in (133 mm).
Length: 8.25 in (210 mm). Capacity: 7+1 rounds (7 in standard-capacity magazine +1 in firing chamber); 8+1 in aftermarket standard-size magazine; 10+1 in extended and high capacity magazines. Guns chambered in.38 Super and 9 mm have a 9+1 capacity. Some manufacturers, such as, and, offer 1911-style pistols using double-stacked magazines with significantly larger capacities (typically 14 rounds). Colt makes their own 8 round magazines which they include with their Series 80 XSE models.
Safeties: A grip safety, disconnect, slide stop, a half cock position, and manual safety (located on the left rear of the frame) are on all standard M1911A1s. Several companies have developed a firing pin block. Colt's 80 series uses a trigger operated one and several other manufacturers (such as Smith & Wesson) use one operated by the grip safety. State firearm On March 18, 2011, the U.S. State of —as a way of honoring M1911 designer, who was born and raised in the state—adopted the Browning M1911 as the ' of Utah'. Similar pistols.
See also. (SNL B-6). References.